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PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM AND FIELD WORKSHOP ON PALEOPEDOLOGY IN LANZHOU, CHINA, JULY, 1998 Preface and Contents to Chinese Science Bulletin, v.44, supplement 1, July, 1999. Editors: Fang Xiao-Min and Dennis Nettleton PREFACE This volume "Climatic Change: Paleopedological and Soil Rock Magnetic Approaches" is the collections of papers of mostly presented at the "International Symposium and Field Workshop on Paleosols and Climate Change" held in Lanzhou in 1998. It was the second time in China scientists from both abroad and at home gathering together to discuss on the issue of loess. The first time was "International Symposium on Loess Research" held in Xi'an in 1985. Loess, a sub-aerial atmospheric sediment with world wide distribution and hence an archive of past global changes recorded in it attracted the common interests We have already experienced two episodic progresses, which were closely related with loess in China. First, Ferdinand von Richthofen developed the eolian hypothesis on the origin of loess during the late 19 and early 20 century, after his travelling on the Loess Plateau in China. The eolian origin of loess is now widely accepted after many years debating. Second, Heller and Liu (1981) measured systematically the magnetic susceptibility of a long profile of loess-paleosol sequence in Luochuan, Shaanxi, China and obtained a susceptibility curve showing great resemblance to the δ18O curve of deep sea sediments. This finally caused the full-scale correlation between terrestrial and marine climatic record during the Quaternary, which has long been sought by pioneer scientists such as Geoge Kukla. At present, we have understood the origin of the loess. We also have knowledge about the scheme of correlation of climate change occurred on land and in the sea. What is the next step on the study of the loess? From the papers presented in this volume and the discussion during the symposium, may I propose that "Experimental Loess Study" as a key problem to be attacked in the future?Inspired by the authors of papers published here, I think the variation of magnetic susceptibility is a behavior of a sediment occurred under different environments in biological, chemical and physical processes that can be simulated at different experimental conditions. I very much congratulated the publication of such an important symposium on loess in China. I sincerely hope this will prove to be an embryo of the next progress of the third episode on the study of loess by the joint efforts of Quaternary scientists all over the world. Liu Tungsheng past President of INQUA PREFACE This volume contains refereed papers given mostly during the "International Symposium and Field Workshop on Paleosols and Climatic Change" , July 27—30, 1998 in Lanzhou, China. It was the IV. International Symposium of the Commission on Paleopedology of International Union for Quaternary Research (INQUA) and the International Soil Science Society (ISSS), very well organized by X. M. Fang and his co-workers from the University of Lanzhou. About 30 participants from China and 38 participants from 12 foreign countries discussed the oral and poster presentations, divided into six sessions on: (A) Genesis of Late Pleistocene and Holocene Soils in relation to environmental change. (B) Pedological signals of millennial climatic fluctuations. (C) Paleomagnetism and rock magnetism of soils-enhancement of magnetic susceptibility in soils. (D) Quantification of biotic and abiotic soil/paleosol properties used as indicators of paleoclimate and geomorphological evolution. (E) Paleosol identification, classification and horizon nomenclature. (F) Cenozoic magneto-, bio- and pedostratigraphy and long-term climatic change. From a paleopedologic point of view the papers dealing with magnetic properties of loess-paleosol sequences in different parts of the world and presented in session C were of special importance. The question whether specific kinds of magnetic susceptibility (MS) can be regarded as a “climatic proxy" which indicates the problem of lithogenic versus pedogenic MS created a fruitful discussion. During the business meeting the participants elected X.M. Fang and W. D. Nettleton (USA) being editors. They did a very effective job in getting 38 papers refereed within a few months. We are very grateful to the editors of Chinese Science Bulletin (Science in China Press) to get the papers printed in less than one year after our symposium in Lanzhou and also to the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Ministry of Education of China, the Government of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University and INQUA for their financial help. Arnt Bronger, President, Commission on Paleopedology EDITORIAL Paleosols are traditionally regarded as good records of paleoecological and paleoclimatic changes thus are widely used to indicate paleoclimatic conditions and land surface evolution. They were never regarded as a precise tools for paleoclimatic change. This view changed with implementation of the IGBP core project: PAGES (Past Global Change) in mid-1980. The successful correlation of long-term continuous oxygen isotope climatic records of deep sea sediments with Quaternary paleosol-loess sequences in Europe by Kukla[1] and in China by Liu Tungsheng[2] further validated usefulness of paleosols for paleoclimatic and surface evolution studies. The continuous Chinese paleosol-loess sequences provided insights into past long-term climatic change from a pedogenic point of view. The utilization of soil micromorphology, geochemistry, environmental rock magnetism (e.g., the rapidly measured magnetic susceptibility and hysteretic properties), and paleomagnetism quantified and dated paleosols and greatly broadened our understanding of how soil formation records climatic change and pedostratigraphic history. These advances, together with a new framework of knowledge from PAGES, greatly encouraged the study of all types of paleosols and use of paleosol knowledge to answer questions over broad areas of various disciplines and to re-recognize the role of paleosols in climatic change and land evolution. A large body of data resulted. This led the 'Third International Symposium of the Commission on Paleopedology of INQUA/ISSS" in Marburg (Germany) in 1997 to refocus to pedoclimatic change. The 'First Symposium' in Amsterdam in 1970[3] and the 'Second Symposium' at the University of Illinois (U.S.A.) in 1993[4] had dealt largely with the origin, nature and dating of paleosols, and revisitation of concepts in paleopedology, respectively. However, the efforts to quantify pedogenesis and to find pedogenic- and climatic-sensitive proxies for soil chemical and rock magnetic properties were challenged on two fronts. First of all, the understanding of pedogenetic and diagenetic processes was incomplete. Second, the behavior and mechanisms of soil magnetic susceptibility and other rock magnetic parameters needed study. To solve these problems and to work out clear proxies to quantify degree of pedogenesis and climatic change mechanisms became a key to increase the contribution of soil science to global climatic change. At a time when millennial-scale climatic change was becoming a world trend, this became an urgent need. High Asia, centering on the Tibetan Plateau, is one of the best regions to fulfil the named purposes. The region has the world's thickest paleosol-loess sequence (318 m), the highest resolution (up to decades per centimeter), and is subject to rapid rates of change in landforms and environment. Various types of paleosol sequences, e.g., soil-till, soil-debris flow, and soil-terrace sequences occur. Many paleosol-related climatic change studies and improvements in soil rock magnetism techniques have recently been completed in the region. Thus, these two important recent advances justified this "Fourth Symposium'. This symposium brought together soil scientists and colleagues from other related disciplines such as geophysics, soil rock magnetism and paleomagnetism, paleoclimatology, and geomorphology to focus on high resolution soil climatic change, to summarize soil proxy quantification and use of soil rock magnetism in climatic change, and to see high resolution paleosol sequences in the western Loess Plateau and Tibetan Plateau. The symposium achieved its goals. A total of 82 abstracts were received, 64 of which were presented in the symposium in six sessions centering on paleosol climatic change, soil rock magnetism, and paleomagnetism. Participants were encouraged to submit contributions in any form. In order to extend the symposium, those who contributed abstracts but missed the symposium were also encouraged to submit their full papers. A total of 3 8 quality papers and 40 abstracts were selected to form this volume representing the state-of-the-art paleopedology and climatic change. We take this opportunity to thank all the contributors for their positive cooperation during the proceeding's editing. Special thanks are due Prof. Liu Tungsheng (past President ofINQUA), Prof Shi Yafeng, Prof. Stephen Porter (President of INQUA) and Prof. An Zisheng (President of Commission on Loess of INQUA) for their persistent support of Chinese paleopedology and this Symposium, to all conveners and consultants for their contributions in organizing the symposium, to Dr. Li Chongan, Vice Governor of Gansu Province for his support of the symposium, and to Prof. Chen Huailu, Prof. Pan Baotian, Prof. Xi Xiaoxia, Mrs. Lu Lianqing, Yan Maodu, Zhao Zhijun, Yang Shengli, Hao Yongping, Chen Shiyue, Chen Xiuling, and Fu Kaidao for their great assistance in preparing the symposium and editing the proceedings, all of which helped guarantee success of the symposium. The symposium and this volume of the proceedings were co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Ministry of Education of China, Gansu Province Government, Lanzhou University, and INQUA. References 1. Kukla, G., 1977. Pleistocene land-sea correlations. Earth Sci. Rev., 13, 307-374 2. Liu Tungsheng, Loess and the Environment. Beijing: China Ocean Press, 1985, 251pp. 3. Yaalon, D.H. (ed.), Paleopedology: Origin, Nature and Dating of Paleosols. International Society of Soil Science and the Israel University Press, Jerusalem, 1971, 350pp. 4. Follmer, L.R., Johnson, D.L. and Catt, J.A. (eds.). Revisitation of Concepts in Paleopedology, Transactions of the Second International Symposium on Paleopedology. Quat. Internal., 51/52, 1998, 221 pp. Fang Xiao-Min and Dennis W. Nettleton TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface Editorial Organizing Committee Loess - burried paleosots - geosols - welded paleosols -pedocomplexes-towards a global Quaternary pedostradgraphy and paleoclimatic history A.BRONGER Paleosols and climates in the Quaternary of South America M. H. IRIONDO Holocene soils and relict paleosols, Southern Coast Ranges, California, USA W.D..NETTLETON, B. R. BRASHER, E. C. BENHAM, and 0. A. CHADWICK Weathering Signals of Millennial-Scale Oscillations of the East-Asian Summer Monsoon over the Last 220ka GUO Zhengtang, PENC Shuzhen, WEI Lanying and LIU Tungsheng Aspects ofpalaeosols in Australia Middle and Late Pleistocene biostratigraphy and paleoclimate of an open-pit coal mine Schoningen: Germany B.URBAN Millennial-scale monsoonal climatic change from paleosol sequences on the Chinese western Loess Plateau and Tibetan Plateau: a brief summary and review FANG Xiao-Min and LI Ji-Jun The incorporation of thermal methods in mineral magnetism of loess-paleosol sequences: a brief overview A. J. VAN VELZEN and M. J. DEKKERS Thermally unstable maghaemite and its paleoclimatic significance in Chinese loess LlU Xiuming, P. HESSE, and T. ROLPH High-resolution particle size analysis as a tool for interpreting incipient soils in loess J. A. MASON and P.M. JACOBS; Magnetic properties of soils of the Ljubljana Basin chronosequence, Slovenia History of temperature-dependence of susceptibility and its implications: Preliminary results along an E -W transect of the Chinese Loess Plateau ZHU Rixiang, LIN Mian and PAN Yongxin Mineral magnetism of Quaternary Red Earth in Eastern China and its paleoenvironmental significance LU Shenggao Holocene paleoenvironmental traces in soil profiles of Eastern Fennoscandia P. V. KRASILNIKOV Problems of the magnetic susceptibility signature as the proxy of the summer monsoon intensity in the Chinese Loess Plateau Recent advances in the small mammal biostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy of Lanzhou Basin L.J. FLYNN, W. DOWN'S, N. OPDYKE, HUANG Kaiman, E. LINDSAY, YE Jie, XIE Cuangpu Magneto and pedo-stratigraphy of paleosol-loess sequences in the Lanzhou Basin: evidence for evolution of Huang He LI Ji-Jun, ZHANG Bo, ZHU Jun-Jie, ZHAO Zhi-Jun and CAO Ji-Xiu Quaternary herbivore fauna in northeastern China: evolution under climatic change DONC Wei, XU Qinqi, JIN Changzhu and LIU Jinyi Loess-paleosol-sequences in South Germany stratigraphy, paleoclimate and connections with river terraces Biomorphic analysis as a basis for paleoenvironmental reconstruction A.GOLYEVA Clay minerals in paleosols of Cretaceous age in Istria, Croatia F. OTTNER, G. DURN, B. SCHWAIGHOFER and J. TISUAR Permafrost on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau under a changing climate JIN Huijun, CHENG Guodong, LI Xin and Li Shuxun Late Holocene man-induced environmental change in Central Russia Plain: paleopedological evidences from early-Medieval archaeological site S. N. SEDOV, E.R. ZAZOVSKAYA, M. A. BRONNIKOVA, A. A. KAZDYM and S. YU. ROZOV Man-induced landscape evolution in the North Caucasian Piedmont of Russia S.N. SEDOV, M. I. SKRIPNIKOVA Yu. N. VODYANITZKY, I.V. TUROVA and M. A. BRONNIKOVA Distribution of soils and solifluction layers in landslide area of South-West Germany B. TERHORST Contrasting magnetic properties from two loess/paleosol sections in Gansu Province, West China T.MISHIMA, M. TORII, H. FUKUSAWA, K. 0I, T. SAAKI, Y. ONO, FANG Xiao-Min, PAN Bao-Tian and LI Ji-Jun An important stratigraphic boundary in dust accumulation, South China: evidence from magnetic susceptibility XIA Yingfei, WANG Yongjin, CHEN Jun Trends and rates of Holocene soil evolution in the North Caucasian piedmont A. L ALEXANDROVSKY, S. N. SEDOV and A. A. GOLYEVA Estimated Holocene peat accumulation rates from CO2 emissions, Karelia, North-Western Russia Y.N. IKKONEN, S.L GRABOVIC Environmental changes in the upper-reaches of the Urumqi River in the past 10,000 years, Tianshan Mountains, China ZHAO Lin, QIU Guoqing and JIN Huijun Modeling and simulation of dynamic carbonate deposition in a loess-paleosol sequence LI Xuyong, LI Baoguo, LU Huayi, DUAN Jiannan and SHI Yuanchun A soil morphological index for paleosol research LI Xuyong, LI Baoguo ,GUO Zhengtang, ZHAO Chengyi and SHI Yuanchun High-resolution multi-proxy records of Asian monsoon activities from terrestrial sediments over the last 75,000 years K. YAMADA, H. FUKUSAWA, FANG Xiao-Min, PAN Bao-Tian and LI Ji-Jun Complex investigation of a soil microcatena across gilgai microrelief to reconstruct environmental changes I. KOVDA, 0. CHICHAGOVA, A. GOLYEVA. and Y. RYSKOV; Climatic changes from the late Pliocene to middle Pleistocene in and around central Japan reconstructed from plant macrofossil assemblages A. MOMOHARA A paleosol classification with the inclusion of ancient arctic and subarctic region soils W.D. NETTLETON and C.G. OLSON Paleosol evolution and environmental change in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China LIU Liangwu and Gong Zitong Mineral magnetic and pedogenic studies of the paleoclimate record of the upper part of the loess/paleosol sequence at Jiaodao J. D. TENPAS, N. J. VIDIC, M. J. SINGER and K.L. VEROSUB Abstracts ; 264 Author Index ; 288
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