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Last Updated: Wednesday, May 3, 2000 15:23

ʮƂ - ƂϒʮƂ ݨݷƣ Ϸԩƣ ƴ

ݴ '98 Ӵ 2

̒ƨ ƨ
  1. Ůƴƣ ƷưƷ .
  2. 倷 ưƒ.
  3. ‚ƴƣ ߧ΢݂.

ݒΩ ݀ ݶ ƴ خ݂ Ƣ . ˀ ݢƩ ƒƢ ߴ ӧ , ƒԀ ,ƴߓ ƂƩ ƨ˴Ʒ, Ԁ ƧƩ ʮ . ư ƴ˓ ʀƷ ݢӒ Ʒ΀ ݒƣ .鷒Ω ݒΩ ƶ ƴƢݒ Ƨ ,Ʒƴρ Ƃ ݂ .

Ǯƀ Ʒ Ƣ ݒƣ ݂݀ ݨݷ Ω . Ʒ Ƃ δ ݩƂƢ݂ ݒ ưݷ Ʒ , ŀ . ƒ ߧ΢݀ ´ ϒ : ؀Ω Ƨ ηӒ ƴӒ Ƣ (Ɓ) , Ʃ Ƨ ηݶӒ ƴӒ ؂΀ Ƣ ݷƩ70...100,ƒ΀ ƒӒ ƧƢƴϷ ,ˮ (ݒ΀ Ƣ) ƴߓӒ Ʒݧ ʀ ƴ Ԃ . Ƣ Ɓ Ƣݴς ƨ 1,0...1,2 . ݷ ® ˓ , - . ɂߧƷ (ƴ Ƣ ݷ) ߨԀ 1,6...5,0 ݢ ƒ ߨ - . 倴 Ɓ ݀ ˓ , ؂Ω - ƴ˓ ߧƷ . Ȯ݂ Ƣƣ ؀Ʃ (1,5...2,5) ߧƷ 2,3...3,6 .㓁Ƣ ݨݷƣ شƒ΀ ,Ʒƣ , ݂Ԓ . ƷưƷ Ƣ ݂Ϸ ݢ ƒ Ƨ݂ ® Ȁ Ƣ . ƣƴ ݂Ψ Ƣ ̒ƣ Ƨ 19,6% ƣ Ȁ , 14,3% - Ƣ , 15,5% ݨ .

. Ƣ݂ ش. 㓁 - ݷ ƴƧƷƩƀ . 뀨 ݷӒ ؀ݒ +1+2 ݧ. . Ƣˀ ؀ݒ ݷ݂ Ԁ . ؀ݒ +20...+22 ݧ. Ƨ ԢӒ 6-8 . ǷƧ ؀ƷԒ ݨ߁ -3 ݧ. , -5 ݧ. - ƣӒ.

Ƣ݂ ݣ. ݒΩ Β΢݀ ƴ˓ ƒƷ Ƨ ؀ ƴƢ ߢ . Ʃ ؀Ƨ ,ƣ Ӓ ƢݒϷ Ƣ , ƒƷ ݣ ߂ς Ɓ݀ . ߰ΒƁ ݣ ̒ƒ ؀Ƨ Ʒư ݷƷ݂ ƶƩ Ʃ Ʒ . ̔ʮ Ƨƒ 300...400.

Ƣ݂ . ݒΩ - ݷ ƣ . 㓁Ƣ 13,5...14,0 ݷƢ . ƨ ݀ ƒƁ Ƣ π , ݀ ݁ش Ƣ , Ʒư Ƣ݂ Ƣ ؀Ƨ ݷ ƷԂ Ɓ.

Ƣ݂ . ݒΩ ԢԀ ηƁ Ƣ݂ . ݷ ݰƁƩ ݁ʮ ƣ ݷ ( 6,0...7,0) . ƢˀƩ ƒƷ ݷ ƴˀ ݶӒ ؀ƂƷƩ Ԩ. ݒƣ ݰ ƷƢ ݷ ݷƴƶ ƒƨ ƀ , ̒ƨ ƴ ˮ ƶ݀ Ӓ ηƁ Ƨ݂ خݒς Ȁ. 瀧ƷȮ خݒς΀ Ȁ ƷԒ ݢƨ. 駂݁ Ʒ ݢ Ʒ Ƨ , Ƃ ΢݀ ƴƀ ݷ݂ π ݧ Ƣ݂ Ƣ.

倷 ưƒ. Ȯ݂ ݒƣ ƴˮ شݧ ʀư߂ ߨݒ ƴƨ ưƒ Ʒ ߮Ʃ , Ȁ ƨ ݂Ԓƨ . ݂ ư (100...120/) ƷԒ Ƣƀ ƴ ؀Ʃ ƴƢ . ̒ ƢƧԒ ߢƢ݂. ߢ ݢ ƒ ƒƷ . ݂ ư ߢ ݧ΢Ӓ شƨ ƴ . ƴ ݀ ƒ ԁƢ ؓ Ƣ ( 12 - 18 ) Ƣ‚Ʒ ưݰƒƁ 10 - 12 . Ȯ݂ ̒ƨ ƴ ߮Ʃ ݁ Ʒư Ȁ ƒ ԁƢ. Ԓ Ӓ ߨƶƷ ƒݒϷ ƒ ʮƢ.

ݰƒ . Ʒ ߮Ʃ ƢƧԒ Ȁ ƢΨ Ȯςƨ 8-10 . 14...16 , ƣ ݷ ԁ ݧݴ, ƴ ˓ ƴ (22...25) ƒƣ شƨ شݨ -4-35. ǀƩ ƴ ƂӒ Ƃݨ -1,0 ݁Β ݣ. 10-12 ƢƧԒ ش˂ ϒʮ 12...14, ƒƩ Ԓ ƶӒ Ʒˮ ΀ ݷ. 駂Ƣ Ӓ ϒݒƨ -2,8.

ƧƒƢ . ʀ ݂ ݷ ԢԀ ƣ ƣ (® Ȯ ˓, ηˮ Ƣ .) ,ƒ΀ ưƧ ݴ ˀƩ ƢݴςƩ ˮ -7. 蓒 Ƨ ݂Ƣ ƒȮ ˀ Ɓ ݀ ߧԀ ݁ʮ : 1,0...1,5; 1,5...2,5 ; 2,5... ƴ. ؀ʮ Ʒ. Ʒ. Ѵ ݂߮Ƣ݂Ʃ Ʒݧ ʀư߂ ƴƢݒ ݴ Ɓ, ƒΩ ưߓ Ɓ ݶ ݀ ߢݒ ƴƧƢ, ƒƨ - . Ʒ ƢƧԒ Դݨ -8 ƧƢ ƧƒƢƩ . η ݂ݢӒ ݁ ݷƨ, ư شݧ خ݂ ݷ δ 300...3502. Ѵ ƣ ̒ ƒƢݒ 350...400, - 800...900/. ƀΩ Ʒ ´ ݶ 2...3 ƷȀ ݒ΢݂ ݒݨ ư؀Ӓ ƀ ƒݷ݂ ݷ . 瀧ư ƶ, ߢ݂Ω ݢςƩ (Ƃʀ - 6...8%) ʮ Ƣ Ʒݧ, ߂ς ˀ ƒ, ƒ΀ ƣ Β Ʃ Ʒݧ ̒ƨ ƧƴςƷ Ƣ ݰƒ. ΒΨ ؓ ݂Ƣ, ƒƂ ƁƢ Ʒݧ ƒ ؒݴςƣ (݂) ƒ ƶ ƷݢӒ 3...5% .

Ƨ. ؀Ƨ ʮ ݒƣ , ƒݷ݂ ԁƢ, ƢƧԒ ԧ΀ ưݰƒ ϒݒݨ -2,8 شƷȮ Ƨ ·Ƃ ݨ 3...5. Ƿ ΢݀ 3...4, ݢƷ ƒ ݷƷ. ƢˀƩ ݷƷ ƣ Ƨ ݒ Ʃ ƴ.

. Ӓ, ƣ ݷ݂ Ƣ π ݒ ƴ݂. Ѵ ƣ ư ݂ ̒ƒ ؀Ƨ, ƧӒ ƢȂƩ ưƩ, ߓϒݒ ݀ Ʒش خ݂ ƴρ ƧӒ. Ƨˮ ݷ ΧӒ ݧ΢Ӓ ԧݨ, Ƣݨ ӣ, ݂. ( ݢƷ ƒ ƣƧ) Ӓ ư߁ ® π ΢Ԓ ƢΩ ؓ ݴʮ Ƨʮ.

: ݢςΩ ΰ ưƒ, ƴˮ ݂ ư Ƨ ˀ, Ƨ݂ ݴςƩ ݁ʮ ƣ ݷ, ƀƀ ݒςƀ Ƣ ؀ʮ ƶ Ʃ ݷςƷ , ƴƢ݂ ߧƢƣ Ʒݧƣ ݒݴ, ƀΩ Ʒ ؒݴςƩ Ʃ ƷȮ ݒ΢݂, ƀ ´ ԧ ʮ ư؀Ӓ ƴ 20...22/ ́ƴƣ ƣ ݒƣ .

Ģ:
ݒ . - ݂ݒ / ݓ
ݒ .. - Ƨݢݒ / ƴ
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箶ƧƩ ưݷ
ƣݨ ģƮʮݒ
Ʒ -


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