The Kuril Lake basin attracts birds by plentiful food resources — Oncorhynchus nerka (Walb.) spawning throughout the whole winter. Plenty of fish, their fry and spawn, non-freezing shallow-water spawning grounds present unique conditions for birds staving there thew hole winter. Nine species of birds connected with salmon by trophic relations have been discovered. Three groups of species have been marked out due to the character of those relations and directions of specialization.Big gatherings of birds on small territories of the spawning grounds have a negative effect on the population of sock-eyed salmon. It is reflected in tempering with salmon nests and destroying their spawn, eating. their fry and, in the indirect way, in eating after-spawning fish. Preliminary data on how food is used by different bird species are presented;